Name:_____________________________

Unit 7: The Cold War- Studyguide and Need to Know

The Cold War

Roots of the Cold War

The “_________” was a war of ideas and words between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

Different Systems

U.S. is _________- where ordinary people and businesses control the production of goods and services

It is also called ______________- where individuals and businesses make most economic decision.

U.S. is a democracy- people vote for leaders

Communism

Soviet Union was _______________- the government controls production and owns the natural and capital resources

Government tells people where to live and work

Government makes most _______________ decisions

People had NO control of their own government

People had few rights and little _____________

Rules by Joseph Stalin (a dictator)- his government arrested people who spoke out againt communism

Iron Curtain

After WWII, Germany was divided between the allies (western half)-which stayed ___________ and The Soviet Union (the eastern half)- which became ___________

The capital, Berlin, was also divided into the west (allies) and east (Soviet Union)

The _________________ was a symbol (figure of speech) of the differences between the communist and noncommunist countries.

NATO

______________________ (NATO)- alliance between the noncommunist countries of Europe, Canada, Britain, and the U.S.

Hoped the alliance would keep communism from spreading

Conflicts in Europe Grow

Soviet Union wanted to control the city of ___________

They blocked off roads and railroads that led to West Berlin (allies)- they hoped it would cause the allies to leave Berlin

Allies used the _________________ to fly in supplies to West Berlin each day

The Berlin Wall

Many people from East Berlin (Soviet Union) escaped to West Berlin (Allies)

August 31, 1961, Soviets ____________ the entrances to East Berlin and began to build the Berlin Wall which divided the communist part of Berlin from the rest of the city.

Communism Spreads

Communism Around the World

Communism spread rapidly after WWII

Large parts of Europe and ____________ became communist

Nuclear War

Soviet Union built atomic bombs which could destroy entire cities

U.S. wanted to be stronger than the Soviet Union, so they developed stronger weapons (_______________)

Soviets tried to equal them- this became an _____________- a race between nations to build more powerful weapons

People feared this would lead to a _____________- a war in which nuclear weapons are used

Anti-Communism in America

Anti-communism was the movement to ________ the spread of communism and communist ideas

Senator Joseph McCarthy- an anti-communist in congress feared there were Soviet spies in U.S.

They began to search for spies and many government employees lost their jobs as a result

A few were found guilty of spying

Cold War Conflicts

The Korean War

North Korea (communist) invaded ______________ (republic)

The U.S. and soldiers from 15 other nations went to defend South Korea

_____________ sent troops to help North Korea

The 2 sides finally agreed to stop fighting in year ________.

The two countries remained divided

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuba was also communist- led by Fidel Castro

In 1962, the U.S. discovered the Soviet Union was putting powerful missiles in Cuba- endangering the U.S.

President Kennedy feared an attack so he ordered a _______________ of Cuba- American warships surrounded the island preventing the Soviet ships from getting in

Finally, after several days the Soviet Union removed the missiles from Cuba

The Boom Years

Government in the 1950’s

President Harry Truman created the Fair Deal-

built ____________, created jobs, helped African-American receive equal treatment when applying for jobs

Congress did not pass most of the parts of the Fair Deal- Americans did not agree with Truman that people needed the government’s help

Eisenhower’s Election

_______-Dwight D. Eisenhower elected President

Helped the U.S. to build the _______________ to help the economy- better roads would allow people and goods to travel more easily through the states

The military would also be able to move more easily to help defend the country

Americans at Home

Veterans- people who have served in the U.S. military helped to boost the economy

After WWII, many veterans were eager to buy homes, marry, and start families

There was a ____________- the dramatic increase in the number of babies born after WWII

Housing and Consumer Goods

Due to the population surge, there was an increase in demand for homes and consumer goods.

More factories and businesses started which led to more competition- causing lower prices

Since businesses were growing, there were more jobs available which led to families having more money

TV was invented

A _________, medicine to protect people from diseases, was invented by Jonas Salk to prevent polio

Civil Rights

The Movement Begins

State laws and discrimination limited the ______________, rights that countries guarantee to their citizens, of African-Americans

School Segregation Ends

Many places in the U.S. were ____________- separated by racial or ethnic groups

African –Americans could not use the same restaurant, bathrooms, or schools as white people.

1954 Brown vs. The Board of Education- argued that Linda Brown (an African-American Student) was not getting the same education as white students because of segregation

The court decided that school segregation was __________ under the constitution

________________was ordered in all public schools

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

African-Americans had to sit in their own section (usually the back of the bus)

1955- ____________ refused to give her seat up on a crowded bus- she was arrested

African-Americans in Montgomery, Alabama began to boycott (stop using) the buses for over a year.

Martin Luther King Jr. helped lead the boycott

He believed in ___________protests- a way of bringing change without using violence

Late 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on buses was illegal

Civil Rights Victories

In 1960, 4 African-American college students sat at the “white section” of a restaurant- they refused to leave until they were served.

Eventually, many business agreed to serve African-Americans for the 1st time

The Freedom Riders

_______________________ were groups of people that used restrooms, bus waiting rooms, and restaurants that were once “white only” to show that segregation wasn’t legal

In Alabama, people who were against desegregation attacked the Freedom Riders

May 1963, a bomb exploded at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham killing 4 African-American girls

June 1963, the governor of Alabama tried to stop 2 black students from signing up for classes at the University of Alabama

The Federal government sent in police to make sure the students could attend school

The March on Washington

Year ________- Martin Luther King Jr. and others organized a protest march in D.C. to show support for a bill to end segregation (The Civil Rights Act) in the U.S.

Over ___________ people attended the march

King gave his “I have a dream” speech

Gains and Losses

1964- The Civil Rights Act was signed into law- banned segregation in public schools, workplaces, restaurants, and theatres.

African-American still faced many challenges especially in the South.

1965- _____________ became law- made it illegal to prevent or hinder citizens from voting because of race or ethnicity

1968- Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated

Life in the 1960’s

The Kennedy Years

President Kennedy believed that citizens could change society for the better and wanted young people to help

He was the ________________ President ever elected

New Frontier Program- programs to improve life in the U.S.

Began the _______________- a program that send volunteers to other countries to teach children, grow food, and help start businesses

The Space Race

U.S. entered a _____________- a competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to send people into outer space

1957- Soviet Union sent Sputnik I into outer space

1961- Soviet Union sent the first person into outer space

1969- U.S. was the first to send people to the moon

A Changing Nation

1963- President Kennedy assassinated

Lyndon Baines Johnson was sworn in as President

Wanted to end poverty (the war on poverty)

Started the program the ________________

Provided food, Medical Care, Education, Job training

Provided ____________, a government program that helps people in need, was a part of his program

1960’s Culture

Rock ‘n’ roll was a new popular form of music

Pop Art- used designs of everyday objects, comic strips, and advertisements

War in Vietnam

The Conflict in Vietnam

Vietnam was a country that had won its independence from the French in 1954

Country was split North Vietnam (_____________) and South Vietnam (non-communists)

Early 1960’s group of communists tried to ___________ (remove from power) the non-communist government

1965- U.S. began sending soldiers to fight North Vietnam and the Vietcong (communist fighters)

Fighting Increases

More U.S. troops were sent to fight

The U.S. used advanced technology: tanks, bombers, and ______________

Vietcong did not have weapons- fought in small groups and used the jungle to hide in and attack from

Better technology did not give the U.S. an advantage

The Vietcong controlled most of South Vietnam

The Antiwar Movement

Americans strongly disagreed about whether the U.S. should send troops to Vietnam

Young men were drafted to go fight in Vietnam

Many people protested the war at antiwar marches and __________________ (a gathering of people who want to express their opinions to the public and the government)

Getting out Of Vietnam

1969- Richard Nixon became president

Troops began coming home

1973 – North and South Vietnam signed a cease-fire, an agreement to stop all _______________

After all U.S. troops went home, North Vietnam began attacking South Vietnam again

2 years later North Vietnam ___________ South Vietnam

Unit 7 Need to Know Cold War

The Cold War was a War of ideas and words between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

Communism spread through the Soviet Union, China, and Eastern Europe during the Cold War

NATO (North Atlanta Treaty Organization) is an alliance between the noncommunist countries of Europe, Canada, Britain, and the U.S. that was created in 1945 to keep communism from spreading

An arms race is a race between nations to build more powerful weapons

The Berlin Airlift was when the U.S. flew in supplies to the people of West Berlin (they were attempting to break the Soviet Union’s blockade against Berlin)

The Korean War started because North Korea (communist) tried to overthrow South Korea (a republic) and change it into a communist country

The Korean War ended when both countries decided to stop fighting. The two countries remain divided on the issue of communism

President Lyndon B. Johnson fought poverty and racial injustice through his Great Society program

The main leaders during the Cuban Missile Crisis were Fidel Castro, John F. Kennedy, and Nikita Khrushchev

John F. Kennedy was famous for saying “. . ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country”

Harry Truman created the Fair Deal to build houses, create jobs, and to help African-Americans receive equal treatment

President Eisenhower believed in “peace, progress, and prosperity” for all

The point of the Civil Rights movement was to gain equal rights for all citizens

Many non-violent protests took place during the Civil Rights movement including The Montgomery Bus Boycott, Brown v. Board of Education, and the Freedom Rides

The first person to orbit the earth in a space capsule was Yuri Gargarin

The United States helped in the Vietnam War by sending military aid